{"id":91,"date":"2017-03-16T15:27:16","date_gmt":"2017-03-16T15:27:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/?page_id=91"},"modified":"2017-04-25T04:13:16","modified_gmt":"2017-04-25T04:13:16","slug":"antecedents","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/antecedents\/","title":{"rendered":"Antecedents"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antecedents of Blue Jeans:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Trousers\/Breeches<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Wool<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/trousers.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-299 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/trousers-274x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"274\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/trousers-274x300.jpg 274w, https:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/trousers.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\" \/><\/a>Wool trousers and breeches were extremely popular for many years, but in the line of work the California miners were a part of, the need for a lighter fabric with greater durability was imperative. Throughout the early 18th century, wool trousers were worn by all levels of society, but mostly blue collar workers, i.e. sailors, blacksmiths, and farmers wore trousers. The pants were cut into different lengths depending on the weather or amount of strenuous work the wearer was involved in.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tent Canvas<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The original pants Levi Strauss made for miners used a tent canvas fabric that was durable enough for rough work, but wearers of these pants did not like the scratchy feeling of the fabric against their skin.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Indigo Dye<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Indigofera tinctoria<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> flower in India, this dye is easy to use for dying fabrics and although used in Ancient Ch<a href=\"http:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/indigo.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-296 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/indigo-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/indigo-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/indigo-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/indigo-1024x769.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>inese, Russian, Egyptian, etc. civilizations, its important contribution to fabrics would be its use to dye serge de Nimes, or Denim. The fabric gave denim a pure coloring and allowed for fading<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_91_1('footnote_plugin_reference_91_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_91_1('footnote_plugin_reference_91_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_91_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_91_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Jenny Balfour-Paul, &#8220;Indigo: From Bengal to Blue Jeans&#8221;, <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marg: A Magazine of the Arts<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 65, no. 2 (Mumbai: 2013): 38-50.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_91_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_91_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Denim Fabric<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: right;\">Accidentally discovered in the town of Nimes<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, France, this fabric is a twill fabric that is dyed different shades of blue, originally with indigo dye taken from India<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The fabric itself is considered durable and flexible, while maintaining adaptability to alterations.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_91_1('footnote_plugin_reference_91_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_91_1('footnote_plugin_reference_91_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_91_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_91_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Kerry A. Flatley, &#8220;Where do blue jeans come from?&#8221;, (Boston: Christian Science Monitor, 1998): 8.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_91_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_91_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Serge Fabric<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Twill fabric weaved with wool or silk that was usually used for military uniforms and can be easily dyed.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_91_1('footnote_plugin_reference_91_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_91_1('footnote_plugin_reference_91_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_91_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_91_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Flatley, 1998.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_91_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_91_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0The word is derived from the Greek serikos, which means \u201csilken,\u201d suggesting that the fabric was probably brought to Europe from China.<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_91_1('footnote_plugin_reference_91_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_91_1('footnote_plugin_reference_91_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_91_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_91_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">wiseGEEK, &#8220;What is Serge?&#8221;, (Sparks, NV: Conjecture Corporation).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_91_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_91_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script> The fabric was used for centuries, with\u00a0the peak of production occurring in the 16th century in France.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Picture Credit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>HISTORY.org, <em>Trousers<\/em>,\u00a0accessed 25 April 2017, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation,\u00a0https:\/\/www.history.org\/history\/clothing\/men\/mglossary.cfm.<\/li>\n<li>Pancrat,\u00a0<em>Ilnflorescence<\/em>, accessed 25 April 2017, Tropical Plants Database,\u00a0http:\/\/tropical.theferns.info\/image.php?id=Indigofera+tinctoria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_91_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_91_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_91_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_91_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_91_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_91_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_91_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Jenny Balfour-Paul, &#8220;Indigo: From Bengal to Blue Jeans&#8221;, <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marg: A Magazine of the Arts<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 65, no. 2 (Mumbai: 2013): 38-50.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_91_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_91_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_91_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kerry A. Flatley, &#8220;Where do blue jeans come from?&#8221;, (Boston: Christian Science Monitor, 1998): 8.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_91_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_91_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_91_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Flatley, 1998.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_91_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_91_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_91_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">wiseGEEK, &#8220;What is Serge?&#8221;, (Sparks, NV: Conjecture Corporation).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_91_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_91_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_91_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_91_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_91_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_91_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_91_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_91_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_91_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_91_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_91_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_91_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_91_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_91_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Antecedents of Blue Jeans: Trousers\/Breeches Wool Wool trousers and breeches were extremely popular for many years, but in the line of work the California miners were a part of, the need for a lighter fabric with greater durability was imperative. Throughout the early 18th century, wool trousers were worn by all levels of society, but [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-91","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/91","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/91\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":303,"href":"https:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/91\/revisions\/303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/historyoftech.mcclurken.org\/bluejeans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}