Below is the first edition of our annotated bibliography.
Almind, Gert J. The History of Coin-Operated Phonographs, 1888-1998. Gert J. Almind, 2009.
While this work is self-published by a jukebox enthusiast, and therefore not peer-reviewed, the source does provide factual information related to the years of production of popular jukebox brands, as well as early information pertaining to the phonograph – the antecedent to the jukebox. The source also provides select bibliographic information on other useful jukebox sources.
Archives, Charlie Dean. YouTube. YouTube, August 23, 2013.
This film, dating to the 1950’s, is a factory tour of a plant that manufactures jukeboxes. This video includes important information on how jukeboxes were made at the height of their popularity. Films like this show first hand how the music and jukebox industry affected society.
Blitz, Matt. “How the Jukebox Got Its Groove” Popular Mechanics. June 6, 2016. Accessed September 9, 2019. https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/a21127/how-the-jukebox-got-its-groove/
On November 23, 1889, inventor Louis Glass installed the first “nickel-in-slot phonograph” in the Palasian Royale Saloon in San Francisco. The phonograph required one nickel to play a song from a wax cylinder, and could only be listened to using “stethoscope-like” headphones. Later, the jukebox combined coin operation with the mechanisms that could play multiple records and an electrostatic loudspeaker. The technological antecedent to the jukebox was the phonograph, and the jukebox was made possible by using already-existing coin-operation, newly-invented wax cylinders selection, and newly-invented electrostatic loudspeakers.
Burnett, Robert. The Global Jukebox: the International Music Industry. London: Routledge, 2010.
The Global Jukebox: the International Music Industry is a book written by Robet Burnett detailing the production and consumption of popular music. The text detailing the interaction between music and society. In the text the jukebox is mentioned and discussed as one way people consume music.
By, Walter S. “Now that’s Portable — Nomad Jukebox Holds More than 1,500 Songs.” Wall Street Journal. September 14, 2000. Accessed September 25, 2019. https://umw.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/398762540?accountid=12299.
The Digital-Music revolution keeps on advancing. From the Wurlitzer 1015 to the Nomad Jukebox. The Nomad Jukebox is a portable music player, it is only the size of a regular portable CD-player. The regular jukebox can only hold about 100 songs, while the Nomad can hold and play around 1,500 songs. The songs are transferred from the computer onto the Nomad and the songs have to be converted to MP3s. This Nomad Jukebox is a small, light, and portable jukebox.
Cullinane, Kevin E. “Jukebox Sales are Booming to Beat of CDs.” Wall Street Journal, September 2, 1992. Accessed September 25, 2019. https://umw.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/398358268?accountid=12299.
The re-emergence of the Jukebox in 1988 has made the Jukebox industry boom for a brief period in the late twentieth-century. Between the mid-1980s and early 1990s, sales increase by ten percent due to the invention of the CD jukebox. Rowe International, Wurlitzer Co, and Rock-Ola Manufacturing Inc all enjoyed sales and revenue increases after introducing CD jukeboxes. This is an example of an adaptation made by the jukebox which allowed it to become relevant due to versatility.
Fallon, Katy. “Design Classic: The Wurlitzer 1015 Jukebox.” Financial Times. June 02, 2017. Accessed September 25, 2019. https://umw.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1915368681?accountid=12299.
The Wurlitzer 1015 Jukebox was designed in 1946 by Paul Fuller. This specific type of jukebox is known as “The Bubbler” because of the bubbles that flow through the tubes around the top of the jukebox. The Bubbler has a rounded top with colourful plastic tubes that light up in a rainbow of different colours. Once music became more popular, jukeboxes were installed in diners and gathering areas for teens all across America. More than 56,000 jukeboxes were sold within the first 2 years, making it one of the most popular jukeboxes ever invented.
Gruber, Edward, photographer. Conversion. Jukebox plant. A skilled milling machine operator, this employee of an Eastern jukebox manufacturing concern has already been given war work to do. He’s aiding in production of electrical control instruments whose basic design is similar to the control device on jukeboxes. When jukeboxes still on the assembly lines have been completed this firm will devote most of its space to war production. Rudolph Wurlitzer, North Tonawanda, New York. New York Niagara County North Tonawanda North Tonawnda. United States, 1942. Feb. Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2017690800/.
This primary source photograph shows an employee of Eastern Jukebox working on the electrical control box instrument. During World War Two, existing jukebox factories were called upon to produce goods to assist with the war efforts after fulfilling their existing jukebox orders.
“Jukebox .” How Products Are Made . . Encyclopedia.com. (September 26, 2019).https://www.encyclopedia.com/manufacturing/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/jukebox
The Jukebox, a piece of American-made technology, was created in 1906 by John Gabel. Originally this technology was not called the Jukebox, it was called nickelodeons. The name jukebox did not come to life until the 1930s. In the 1950s, jukeboxes reached their height in popularity with 750,000 jukeboxes being used all across America. They were found in diners, bars, and entertainment areas. Three main companies held a monopoly on the production of these jukeboxes. These companies were Seeburg, Rock-Ola, and Wurlitzer. Each company was expanding and improving its jukebox in their own specific ways. For our project, this source gives us reliable and valuable details surrounding the jukebox and how it really shaped America’s pop culture era. The article goes in-depth about the history, materials used, design, manufacturing process, quality control, and future of the jukebox.
“Jukebox.” Jukebox – Engineering and Technology History Wiki. Accessed September 26, 2019. https://ethw.org/Jukebox
The Engineering and Technology History Wiki (ETHW) is a website with thousands of articles, first hand accounts, oral histories, milestones, archival documents and lesson plans pertaining to the history of technology. The goal of this site is intended to be the premier global record for preserving and interpreting the history of technological innovation and making that history available to the public. This page includes important dates in the evolution of the jukebox, as well as pictures detailing jukebox history.
Mendelsohn, Ink. “The Jukebox Still Rocks: The Grandest Dancing Partner Turns 100.” Chicago Tribune (1963-1996), Feb 26, 1989. Accessed September 25, 2019. https://umw.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1019097750?accountid=12299.
After 1946, the year after the end of World War ll, peace and love were filling the air. The jukebox was a main part of this sense of serenity. Families and loved ones would go to diners to get food and listen to new music. This new music would come from the Wurlitzer 1015. This jukebox was a huge advancement from past jukeboxes, with acrylic and neon lights. The jukebox just kept advancing with the Model M100A, this jukebox now had 100 selections of songs.
Prelinger Archives: A Visit to Wurlitzer. 1950. Accessed September 24, 2019. https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=98103&xtid=53884.
This primary source video, intended for advertising purposes, discusses the history and growth of the Wurlitzer Company, a notable jukebox manufacturer. The company, which was founded in Germany in 1659, has its roots in the production of musical instruments, such as the organ and accordion. The factory being toured is located in New York. This video showcases the large impact the jukebox had on manufacturing, as it allowed for many companies to reap the benefits of producing such an in-demand product.
Recorded Sound: The Dream Becomes a Reality. 1999. Accessed September 24, 2019. https://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=98103&xtid=10881.
This documentary discusses the timeline of recorded sound, beginning with the phonograph in 1877 and ending with the development of electronic music. The first two-thirds of this documentary are relevant to the history of the jukebox and its antecedents.
“Rock-Ola Makes Jukebox Designs Groove with SolidWorks.” Business Wire, Dec 17, 2007. https://umw.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/444803169?accountid=12299.
Rock-Ola Jukeboxes have been a standstill part of the history of American jukeboxes. These specific jukeboxes have been around for more than 70 years. The Rock-Ola Company was founded in 1927 by David C. Rockola. David C. Rockola has been redesigning coin-operated and wall-mounted jukeboxes. Rock-Ola Jukeboxes are special because their appearance is so special and different. They work with SolidWorks to make sure the appearance of the jukeboxes is keeping up with the world around it. The appearance will solely be based on the outside world.
Segrave, Kerry. Jukeboxes: An American Social History. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. 2002.
Social historian Kerry Segrave’s Jukeboxes: Am American Social History traces the socio-cultural impact of the jukebox on American society from its antecedents in the late 19th-century to its “fade into obscurity” in the late 20th-century. This source includes statistics on licensed and operating jukeboxes, Billboard music charts, jukebox exports, and more to showcase the widespread popularity and influence of the jukebox.
“Timeline : History : Tools & Resources : National Recording Preservation Plan : Programs at the Library of Congress : Library of Congress.” The Library of Congress. Accessed September 26, 2019. https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-recording-preservation-plan/tools-and-resources/history/timeline/.
This library of congress timeline details important dates and breakthroughs in audio recording technology. This timeline is important in understanding the antecedents to the jukebox dating back to the mid 1800s.
Wurlitzer – About Wurlitzer Jukebox Company. Accessed September 26, 2019. http://archive.gibson.com/Products/Wurlitzer/jukebox museum/history/.
This source details on the main manufacturers of jukeboxes, The Wurlitzer Jukebox Company. The site has important information regarding the history of how musical instrument manufacturers shifted to making jukeboxes when they started becoming popular.